An inversion ankle injury is an acute injury that results in landing on the ankle in an inverted position. Sporting activities, previous ankle sprains, hypermobile joints, high arch feet, long feet, metatarsus adductus, non-supportive shoe gears increase the risk of the ankle inversion injury.
It is a degenerative joint disease of the tibiotalar joint. It can be osteoarthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, or inflammatory arthritis.
Treatment: nonoperative or operative.
High Ankle Sprain
It affects the distal tibiofibular ligaments and it occurs due to sudden external rotation of the ankle.
Treatment: Non-weight bearing CAM boot or cast, syndesmosis fixation with suture button or screw fixation.
Os Trigonum
An Os Trigonum is an accessory both that lies posterior to the talus. It causes redness and swelling of the bony prominence, vague pain or throbbing in the back of the Achilles. Treatment: Supportive shoe gears, orthotic with a medial rearfoot post, lace up ankle brace, surgery.
Anterior Ankle Impingement
Anterior ankle impingement causes pain and limitation of range of motion. It can be due to scar tissue and inflammation or bone spurs. Repeated, forceful and repeatable flexing or dorsiflexing of the ankle increase risk.
Treatment: NSAIDs, rehab, injection, surgery
Osteochondral Lesion of the Talus
OCD is the focal injury to the talar dome with involvement of the subchondral bone and cartilage. Ankle inversion and dorsiflexion creates lateral talar dome. Ankle inversion, external rotation, and plantarflexion creates medial talar dome.
Treatment: Non-weight bearing, arthroscopy
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